Vehicle Classification
Forklift usually be divided into three categories: internal combustion forklifts, electric forklifts and warehouse trucks.
Internal combustion
Internal combustion forklifts are divided into ordinary internal combustion forklifts, heavy trucks, container trucks and sides of the truck.
Internal combustion forklift spare parts
① ordinary internal combustion forklifts
Generally use diesel, petrol, LPG or natural gas engine as power, load capacity of 1.2 to 8.0 tons, the operating channel width is generally 3.5 to 5.0 m, taking into account the emissions and noise problems, usually outdoors, workshop or other for exhaust emissions and noise do not require special places. Due to convenient refueling, it can achieve long continuous operation, and competent (such as rain) to work in harsh environments.
② rough terrain forklift Trucks
A diesel engine as power, load capacity from 10.0 to 52.0 tons, generally used for heavier cargo terminals, steel and other industries outdoor jobs.
Forklift Trucks
③ Container Handler
A diesel engine as power, load capacity from 8.0 to 45.0 tons, is generally divided into empty forklift, heavy container forklift and reachstacker. Applied to container handling, such as container yard or port terminal operations.
④ Sideloader
A diesel engine as power, load capacity of 3.0 to 6.0 tons. Without turning, with the ability to take the goods directly from the side of the fork, and therefore mainly used fork to take a long bar goods, such as wood, steel and so on.
Six electric forklift classification and their respective performance characteristics
With the extensive application of forklifts for a variety of environments, electric forklifts are under various conditions have been developed. Thus different users can be based on their actual needs, consider the different types of electric forklifts. Here take a look at the six classification of electric forklifts and their respective features.
About 7 tons diesel forklift features six major classification are: electric pallet trucks; stacker electric pallet trucks; reach trucks; universal electric forklift; four-way electric forklifts; VNA narrow channel forklift. Here's an analysis of the six characteristics market:
(1) Electric Pallet Truck
The main function is to achieve electric pallet truck to move pallets of goods from point to point in the plane, so there is no Mast system for focusing on handling, without stacking places, self-propelled, ride-on, sitting rider three types, the cost varies.
(2) electric pallet stacker forklifts
Electric Pallet Truck Stacker is a lightweight indoor lifting stacking equipment, focusing on the stacking function, because the body light. Suitable for light materials handling small type in the floor warehouse or other narrow spaces.
(3) Reach truck
Reach truck's lifting mechanism can be moved around the truck portrait. When the fork take the goods. Center of gravity of the goods fall within four wheels fulcrum constituted. So reach truck has good flexibility, high lift safety and stability. Its load range is usually 1-2.5 tons, lifting height up to 12 meters. However, due to the smaller wheels. Limited by nature, and because the structure is complex, costly, and therefore suitable for narrow space, lifting height requirements of the higher places, used for high-level storage warehouse.
(4) Universal 1.5 tons off road forklifts
Universal universal electric forklift can travel, in addition to the main features have counterbalanced forklifts, the three wheels can be consistent with any angle toward the ~ direction, so the models to flexible, after the fork take the goods, according to the original site may limit turning, moving truck in any direction. The model solves the elongated material in the narrow space of the steering problem, greatly saving space, oblique stacking and removal can be achieved in the train and the bus compartment.
(5) Four-way electric forklift
Set of four-way electric forklift reach trucks, side fork, forklift trucks functions in one. In configuration. It is basically the same and reach truck mast is located between the front and rear wheels, in front of another car were two interpolation arm outstretched legs, straddle the front wheel is equipped with support and goods but also with vertical mast forklift move back and forth. When unloading cargo fork, fork projecting, rear fork off cargo forks return to an intermediate position close to the vehicle body, so the truck driving stability is greatly improved.
Reach truck with the exception that the two four-way bearing wheel electric forklift the front fork legs can swing 90 ° when the rear wheel is 90 ° by the steering mechanism, the whole place goes around the truck can travel from around the state travel, equivalent to side fork, and therefore suitable material handling more narrow elongated channel. The minimum channel width is usually less than 2 m. But the structure is complex and costly.
(6) VNA narrow channel forklift
The main features of VNA forklift narrow channel is set up to do a three-way revolving door lifting mechanism, when stacking the body without turning, just rotate the goods or door frame. Thus the channel width requirements greatly reduced. Currently at 1.8 m below the minimum channel. But at the same time. Channel width also depends on the size of the tray. For example, when you are still unable to narrow the width of the channel carrying the elongated goods. In addition, in order to ensure the stability of the lateral stacking, the whole weight is far greater than the required three-wheel electric counterbalanced forklift trucks, so the economy slightly worse.
Electric forklift advantages
1. harmless to humans and cargo truck fuel during operation will produce gas, which not only causes damage to cargo handling, to produce odor and soot accumulation, but also endanger the operator and other people working in the same environment health, which is generated due to the toxic exhaust gas and dust in the air circulation caused. The electric forklift is concerned, it does not produce emissions, but also up and running more smoothly; also has the advantages of low noise, ultra-low vibration.
2. Low running costs with the rising international oil prices, compared with the cost of fuel to run electric forklift truck is very low. Electric forklift longer service life. Similar fuel truck like more than 70% cost savings.
3. Disable the automatic power-off function when the truck more than 10 minutes, regardless of the key switch is turned off, can be automatically cut off the power switch. This enables the use of the truck without, even if the operator forgets to close the key switch can be prevented the unnecessary power loss.
The battery is compatible with every brand of electric forklift battery is generic, so the original battery can also be used, so that each part can be maintained for a longer life.
5. Low maintenance costs are now electric forklift with AC motor, no carbon brushes; make contact deducting maintenance costs of electronic components is greatly reduced. Without replacing electronic consumables. Therefore, a more affordable electric forklifts.
With motor-driven electric forklift, battery energy. Carrying capacity of 1.0 to 4.8 tons, the mast height 3-6 meters, operating channel width is generally 3.5 to 5.0 m. No pollution, no noise.
battery forklifts fefers to the power to forklift operations, mostly for the battery to work. The battery is a battery, its role is limited energy can be stored for use in the right place. It works by converting chemical energy to electrical energy. Electric chinese forklift battery This battery is built. It should be noted: Battery best not horizontally! Because the internal battery is generally 22 to 28% sulfuric acid. When the battery being put plates and electrolyte can drown if left little space horizontally, then the battery will be part of the electrode plate is exposed to the air, which is very negative on the battery plates, but the general observation hole battery or have a vent at the top of the battery with the outside world, so the battery electrolyte is very easy flowing horizontally.
Forklift Highlights
A driving 1.5 tons rough terrain forklifts must go through professional training, through the assessment of production safety supervision department, obtain special operating permit, and after the company agreed to before being driving, operating without a license is prohibited. Do not drink and drive, driving not diet. Chats. Cell phones and talk walkie-talkie.
Second, the driver should be compliance law, standardized operation, safe driving, raise "safety first, prevention first" ideology.
Third, while driving the truck ban in high-altitude operations personnel with fork lift, in order to avoid falling from height accidents; prohibiting the use of a single fork operation, fork load carrying capacity should be consistent with the provisions prohibit overloading operations.
Fourth, the truck ban speed fork to take the job of goods, prohibited personnel standing on the forks; prohibit officers standing around when the fork fork to take cargo operations, in order to avoid collapse of the goods wounding.
Five, the driver of the vehicle should be checked before the job of lifting chain, door frame, fork without injury, bolts are secure; check whether you need refueling, lubricants, check the startup, operation, and braking performance; and checking lighting, sound signal is complete and valid, and then start to confirm normal operation; after starting the engine, listen to police engine running, check order status of each instrument. When there is a mechanical problem, can not repair themselves. Turn off the truck and inform machinery repair personnel.
Sixth, the driver started the truck should look around before, after confirming that no obstacles impede traffic safety start; start when loading a smooth start slowly and make sure smooth and reliable cargo.
Seven, the driver at the time of the fork goods, demand inspection fork spacing, so that the two forks load balancing, load forks should be as deep below, note the fork tip does not touch other goods; With a minimum of mast tilt to stabilize cargo, to avoid sliding backwards. The bottom of the fork height from the ground should be kept at a distance of 300-400mm travel.
When eight, truck driver loading highly obscured sight, should fall open truck; reversing signal to be issued when reversing, you must always pay attention to swing the car when the steering wheel control, speed to be smooth to drive back and forth to observe whether and pedestrians.
Nine, driving high mast diesel forklift or travel in and out of the way to the job site shall not rise too high forks, pay attention to whether the obstruction of the sky, with the brakes prohibit loading and high-speed cornering.
Ten, the main road truck driver traveling in the factory when not exceed 30km / h, other roads shall not exceed 20km / h. To maintain a certain distance from the vehicle in front when driving, if a pedestrian or vehicle should send a signal when the forward, when the flame is prohibited downhill slide.
XI during unloading truck driving speed should be slow and steady, do not pay attention to the wheels rolling mat surgery and other items other items, in order to avoid collapse wounding; after discharge should drop the fork to the normal driving position before driving.
Manual lpg forklift truck editor
Manual is a high-lift truck handling and short-distance transport of two cars, because they do not produce sparks and electromagnetic fields. Particularly suitable for automotive handling and workshops, warehouses, terminals, stations, garages and other places of flammable, explosive and fire ban goods handling and transportation. The product has a lift balance, rotation and flexible, easy to operate.
1, manual material handling hydraulic car is indispensable aids, pallet lightest, most notably anyone operational.
2, tiller shape suitable folder with plastic handle, particularly comfortable to use. The operator's hand protected by a rugged protection. Can be easily manipulated by hand lifting, down and walking lever, pallet trucks to use, lightweight, safe and comfortable.
3, torsional steel forks made from high-tensile steel channel. Tines made of round, when inserted into the tray, the tray from being damaged, so that the guide wheel fork smoothly inserted into the tray.
4, sturdy lifting system that can meet most lifting requirements, according to the standard requirements of galvanizing. Pump cylinder mounted on heavy-duty protective seat, chrome plated cylinder. Low control valves and pressure relief valve to ensure safe operation and long life.
5, wheels flexible operation, and equipped with sealed bearings, front and rear wheels made by durable nylon, rolling resistance is very small, and there are rubber, polyurethane or special tires for the election.
Manual hydraulic lpg forklifts
6, the hydraulic system and bearings completely no maintenance, but in extreme cases, such as in a wet environment or flushing with high-pressure hoses, all bearings are equipped with filling hole for refueling.
Forklift lifting system maintenance tips
Currently on the market to choose from truck brands, models of complex, coupled with strong technology and the product itself is very professional, so the choice of models, vendor selection is a lot to buy companies often face. Industrial handling vehicles widely used in ports, railway stations, airports, freight yard, factory workshops, warehouses, distribution centers and distribution centers, and access to the cabin, loading and unloading, cargo handling operations inside pallets and containers. A pallet transport, container transport essential equipment. Disassembly and adjustment within the outer door frame. Among the main components of the diesel forklift lifting systems have relative motion. Where the inner and outer door frame composed of a deputy campaign, fork frame and inner door frame composed of a deputy campaign. In order to improve the accuracy of each deputy campaign movement, reducing the friction between them all moving components, reducing vibration and noise, improve lateral stability when the fork unloading cargo vehicle, inside and outside of the door frame and forks have to adjust side scroller gasket. By adjusting the gasket, so that the gap fork frame and the inner side of the wheel between the door frame, the gap and outside the roller and the inner and outer door frame between the door frame, in the case of a relative freedom of movement, the gap is not greater than 1mm. When a wheel or door frame coincides with the gap exceeds the design requirements of the gap, the wheel need to be adjusted or replaced to ensure that the gap rolling or sliding, reducing crash and prevent the cargo from slipping out of the forks. Mast flange sectional size (thickness) or more, or the entire reduction lmm combination mast transverse dimension (vehicle width direction) is larger than a predetermined size more than 2.5mm, deformation or warping occurs when the mast, the mast is required replacement, in order to ensure safety . Guide pulley and lifting chains. When the chain assembly, two chain tension should be equal under load as evenly as possible, there can be distortions, two sprocket rotation flexibility after installation. Pairing the two goods cross on thick, fork length should be approximately equal. Two forks horizontal section vertical section and the angle should be the same. After two forks mounted on the gas powered forklift, the plane should be kept within the same plane. Adjust the maximum length of lifting chain should be increased to a maximum fork lift height (ie lifting cylinder piston rises on the limit) When, after adjustment lifting chain should not be too tight, usually in the lm height, to impose 5ON force in the chain, the maximum deflection of 2Omm is qualified. Each time conservation, respond within and outside the door frame channel and chain sprocket lubrication to ensure good lubrication, reducing friction each deputy campaign. Lifting systems in a wide field of vision, two lift cylinder (cylinder) stroke should be equal, each inlet line should be smooth. Two cylinder piston rod end should be, at the same time in contact with the sprocket bracket within the door frame.
Reach Electric Forklift Safety Precautions
Reach battery forklift is different from an electric forklift trucks and warehouse equipment efficient car type electric counterbalanced forklift trucks, due to its high operational efficiency, but also the requirements of the channel is relatively small, generally 2.8 m can be achieved cornering turn , it is widely used in factory floor and warehouse logistics required parameters. Reach electric forklift China market to maintain a very high amount, so today was introduced to give you: Reach Electric Forklift Safety Precautions
Reach electric china forklift Pictures
1, do not depress the accelerator pedal before turning the key switch thinking, otherwise there will be trouble codes and forklift truck will not run
2, running in the truck reversing lever to pull in the opposite direction, the electric brake work, the truck will decelerate to a stop and slowly will run in the other direction.
3, such as electric forklift steering hydraulic steering system, when the pump motor stops working, the steering will be very difficult, you must start the pump motor can be easily turned.
4, prohibiting the same time depress the brake pedal and the accelerator pedal.
5, prohibits the use of excessive discharge and charge it in time, for a long time should be set aside additional power once a week.
6, unscheduled inspections of electric forklift battery level, should be lower than the calibration line if replenish distilled water, do not add water, river water, mineral water, avoid entering miscellaneous antagonists cause internal battery self-discharge fault, nor add electrolyte pressure, otherwise they will increasing the concentration of the electrolyte and shorten battery life
7, reach trucks use in particular should pay attention to in a timely manner for proper battery charging and battery maintenance. Note that when the battery charging methods, both to make the battery is fully charged, the battery can not cause excessive charging.
8, reach trucks in operation, minimize the use of long-range acceleration time, when the vehicle is started, the speed increase after stabilize the accelerator pedal, such as better roads, the vehicle will continue to accelerate. Decelerate the vehicle need to relax the accelerator pedal, gently depress the brake pedal, which can take full advantage of the deceleration of energy, if the vehicle has a regenerative braking function, you can make the kinetic energy is recovered during deceleration. When the vehicle ramp down, do not disconnect the drive motor circuit, gently depress the brake pedal, the vehicle runs on regenerative braking, the vehicle down the kinetic energy use and reduce the battery energy consumption.
9, the vehicle is running, do not "forward, backward" direction switch mistaken turn switch. Unless urgent need to slow down, do not directly to the brake pedal in the end. Vehicles using the process, found the battery is low (by electricity meter, power loss alarm indicator and other devices to get), you should charge the battery as soon as possible, to prevent excessive battery discharge.
10, electric forklift operation process forward as much as possible is to pay attention to safety, do not overload; and usually do maintenance work, not with the trouble-free operation, in order to avoid unnecessary accidents, keep in mind safety first.
battery forklift truck failure analysis and troubleshooting
Troubleshooting internal combustion 1.5 tons off road forklift trucks hydraulic mechanical transmission system are: output power shortage, the initial difficulties, shift unresponsive; oil temperature is too high and the torque converter does not work. Failure Analysis: In the course of the truck found underpowered, climbing difficulty, shift unresponsive, and the load lifting work, the first detection system pressure gauges are available, if less than the required pressure value reached, the reason may be: compensation pump gear pump for excessive wear, the compensating pump gear pump for excessive wear, so that the increase in the compensation pump leakage; cleanliness bad oil caused oil plug, make compensation sucked empty. If the oil temperature is too high, the usual reason is: the oil pump oil blockage caused by inadequate compensation amount, the clutch dry friction caused by high oil temperature; adjust the pressure inside the torque converter oil pressure falls below the main pressure valve, so that converter outlet pressure is too low; oil grades wrong; converter damage to internal components of the engine's power is only rarely passed to the turbine part, reactive power is too large and cause a sharp rise in oil. If viewed from the observation hole of the torque converter to the torque converter does not work, you should first check the oil return into the oil and torque converter, if not back to the oil, and the truck with normal cold and hot cars travel difficulties, the cause of the failure to compensate pump badly worn or damaged; if the torque converter without power output, while sometimes working without work, the cause of the malfunction is the oil plug, inside idler pulley seat or seat cover is damaged nut loosening. Troubleshooting: As can be seen from the above analysis, the truck's hydraulic mechanical transmission failure is mainly the oil, torque converter and compensation pump these three aspects. Therefore, the first consideration should be to clean up the oil troubleshooting, replacing the oil and oil filter as required; then check the torque converter and compensation pump these three aspects. Therefore, the first consideration should be to clean up the oil troubleshooting, replacing the oil and oil filter as required; then check the torque converter guide wheel, seat and clutch pulley for damage; and finally check the pump to compensate for wear and repair or replace damaged components. Must clean up the oil radiator surface dust and dirt. Were above treatment, generally better troubleshooting. Drive train professionals in the maintenance, inspection and adjustment should note the following; engine flywheel, concentricity error and the torque converter housing should be less than 0.2mm; dynamic unbalance lands should be less than 30g · cm; the engine flywheel shell face and the end face of the torque converter housing relative to its axis is not more than the end beat 50um; there should be a gap between 1.0-1.5mm converter fork and compensation pump gear end.
How to buy forklifts
Different storage modes need to configure different forklifts, matching pattern achieved in last-out or FIFO, space utilization, operational efficiency and investment costs will have a big difference. For example, the traditional heavy-duty shelf with forklift trucks can achieve any shelf position fork to take goods, high efficiency, moderate investment cost, wide range of applications, but not enough space utilization; often fit into the shelves reach truck or small tonnage counterbalanced forklifts, high packing densities, space utilization is good, but can not achieve any shelf position fork to take goods;
First, they need to fully understand the forklift operating environment, and then select the appropriate model and configuration
What are you handling the goods? What size using pallets? Do you want to enter the elevator or container? Channel size is how much? .......
off road rough terrain forklift horizontal movement of goods and upgrading of basic functions, along with stacking, loading and sorting capabilities. In full knowledge of the weight, size, shape, and need to upgrade the plant height and condition of the goods inside the channel (channel width, ground bearing, whether anti-static, dust-proof and anti-pollution, noise) and other information on the case, you can basically determine what kind of truck and how to configure their own needs. At the same time, you can consult the different forklift 1-3 home consulting company, to reduce information asymmetry.
Second, the cost of computing
There are many companies in the process of buying the truck business owners, the never carefully calculate the purchase cost. To eliminate waste on the device, you should know exactly the amount of equipment they need in order to maximize the use of scientific and convert it into productivity.
forklift spare parts price is only the "tip" corner
If only from the perspective of the investment cost, give a simple example, the handling of goods from point A to point B is 100 meters away, we can choose not to spend a penny to buy a truck and completely artificial cargo handling in the past, you can choose a few thousand dollars worth several million, hundreds of thousands, ranging from a few hundred million truck cargo handling equipment will last, just from the initial purchase cost of the truck, the difference is very poor, but if you calculate the overall running costs may be a single piece of cargo handling equipment investment costs up to the minimum required.
Third, in the lease and direct purchase of choice
Rental truck has become a popular trend in developed countries in Europe and in the United States one-third of construction machinery is done by way of lease. Due to different national conditions, China is still in its infancy forklift rental. In economically developed regions (coastal), forklift rental is in full swing. May want in the future, China will also forklift leasing business and developed countries, occupies a very important share in the procurement of material handling industry.
Fourth, locate the appropriate brand
In the world has more than 500 brands of forklifts, in China there are hundreds more. The world's top 20 forklift manufacturer, and 90 percent have manufacturing plants in China and agents. Professional media and institutions to understand the Chinese market, sales of forklift brands.
Even in an economic downturn like the combination fork, Hangzhou fork, Linde, Toyota and other brands in the domestic sales momentum remains unabated. In recent years, the rapid development of the East Red truck, relying on the National Machine Group and has a glorious history of DFH brand development in the field of fast truck, with the advantage of brand and price, successfully established a forklift brand image. In particular was a huge breakthrough in the development and manufacture of new special off-road trucks, the products are exported to many countries.
Fifth, the final decision
If your business to conduct large-scale procurement forklift (10 or more), you need to be entrusted to a professional and independent tendering company (for forklifts and industrial vehicles very understanding) or logistics consulting firm to assist. In order to save the cost of procurement, the procurement process to prevent the emergence of secret operations, the final decision must purchase their own hands.
